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21. 青杄 2：Cloning and Tissue Expression Analysis of PwPSAF in Picea wilsonii. SCIENTIA SILVAE SINICAE. Vol. 49，No. 10, Oct. 2013.

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其它公司多糖多酚植物RNA提取试剂盒失败原因和解决方案

很多植物RNA的样品由于含有大量的多糖、多酚、代谢产物、色素等成分，造成RNA提取过程中氧化、褐化、降解、由于植物品种的多样性造成情况更加复杂。手工的CTAB类的方法提取因为时间太长，太繁琐，手工方法不在讨论之列。一直以来没有一款好的试剂盒包括qiagen、promega等进口试剂盒也无法满足科研工作者对植物RNA提取的要求。

下面我们来分析一下植物RNA为什么不能提取成功的原因：

市面上最常见的RNA提取试剂盒无非是两种：第一种：TRIzol改良类方法（包括溶液型的和离心柱型的）、第二种：直接裂解过柱子的方法（离心柱）

第一种试剂盒失败的原因1：RNA市面上面最流行的方法就是Trizol，或者Triol改良，或者Trizol加离心柱一类的改良方法。trizol也就是异硫氰酸胍/苯酚/氯仿原理一步法的方法最适合的对象是动物源性的组织细胞，针对普通多糖多酚低的植物性的材料，TRIzol类原理产品也可以提取。但是多糖、多酚、次级代谢产物丰富的情况下，trizol类方法无法防止多糖多酚对于RNA/DNA分相的干扰，要么残留大量DNA，要么残留大量多糖、多酚或者次级代谢产物，氧化破坏RNA，或者残留这些多糖多酚，色素代谢产物等抑制下游的反转录等反应。限于技术水平的限制，市面上绝大多数的国产厂家是使用trizol的方法进行改良，无论是不是加了离心柱。但是实践证明，改良不能从根本上解决问题。判断是否试剂盒使用这种改良的方法非常简单：是否裂解液含有苯酚的味道和使用氯仿，如果使用到了氯仿就是TRIzol方法的改良。

第二种试剂盒失败的原因：直接裂解过柱子的方法是目前最先进的方法，但是也是技术含量最高的方法。这个方法采用裂解液（不含苯酚，氯仿）直接裂解，RNA/DNA同时过柱子，然后在柱子上面直接分离RNA/DNA，所以，这种方法的优点第一在于，避免了使用trizol在多糖多酚下不能成功分离RNA/DNA的弊端、第二在于，不使用有毒的苯酚氯仿。但是正是因为其技术先进，所以难度很高，国内厂家包括进口公司有两个技术难点一直没有突破。第一，裂解液的成分必须针对去除多糖多酚进行研发添加去多糖多酚，代谢产物成分。否则会同样碰到多糖多酚干扰提取的问题。第二、和trizol原理不同，直接过柱法DNA/RNA同时加到吸附柱上去。如何去除DNA是第一个难点。否则会残留大量DNA。两个技术难点的没有掌握导致了国内公司包括的第二种试剂盒失败。国外公司因为没有掌握第一难点，裂解液里面没有去除多糖多酚成分，所以包括qiagen的盒子也常常不能成功提取植物RNA样品。

本人领衔和研发团队配合经过3年的不断研发改良，针对多糖多酚植物的特点，和这两种试剂盒失败的原因，开发出了EASYspin植物RNA快速提取试剂盒，第一采用直接过柱子方法，彻底抛弃了TRIZOL苯酚，氯仿原理方法，使用无毒原料，并且添加了有自主知识产权的去除多糖多酚成分解决了多糖多酚和代谢产物对于RNA的破坏和干扰分离。第二突破了直接过柱子的方法DNA去除的技术难点，解决了DNA残留过多问题。经过实践过程中，几十种国内试剂盒提取失败和进口试剂盒提取失败的例子，使用我们开发的试剂盒提取，除了一例因为离心柱子堵塞导致失败外，全部成功。而且，20分钟提取步骤非常简单，非常快速，无毒苯酚氯仿。全部提取成功的RNA可以成功完成下游反应试验。

部分成功样品：

植物：棉花、海棠、黑加仑、烟草、拟南芥、虎杖、大豆、草莓、冬青、月季花雌蕊、蔷薇、沙棘、冬枣、芦荟、仙人掌、报春花、水稻、玉米、唐菖蒲、樱桃、白玉兰、毛白杨、樱花、葡萄、百合花、百合叶子雌蕊雄蕊、紫菜、绿藻、香蕉、水仙花、青花菜、地被菊、苹果、梅花、番茄、石斛、毛桃、苎麻、慈姑、葛根、甘肃桃、玫瑰花、槟榔果、甜糖菊、硅藻、牡丹、胡杨、油桐果、梨子皮、板栗花序、青皮云杉、红树根、铁线蕨、黄瓜、小麦叶子种子、番木瓜、甘薯、紫薯、油松、油茶、马尾松、芜菁、毛果杨、木薯、大叶落地生根、山杏、旱柳、桉树、琵琶花果、丹参、人参、西洋参、栀子、洋葱、红豆杉、梨树叶、五倍子、泡桐、西瓜、芍药、雪莲等等，其中包括qiagen无法提取的黑加仑、冬青、月季、松针、葡萄叶片等，promega无法提取的海棠等样品、均可用该产品成功提取。

真菌：桃褐腐病菌(Monilinia fructicola)、菇类等。